Systems of communication as for instance 1), 2), 3), 4),
5) we shall call “language-games”.
They are more or less akin to what in ordinary language we call
games.
Children are taught their native language by means of such games, and
here they even have the entertaining character of games.
We are not,
8.
however, regarding the
language-games which we describe as incomplete parts of a language,
but as languages complete in themselves, as complete systems of human
communication.
To keep this point of view in mind, it very often is useful to
imagine such a simple language to be the entire system of
communication of a tribe in a primitive state of society.
Think of primitive arithmetics of such tribes.